In general, calculating as a function of the parameter ends up being very difficult because there are multiple compositions of functions involved which means there is a nesting of chain rules involved in the definition. In this activity, we will examine how to go through the direct calculation of for a curve parameterized by .
Calculate velocity and for the parameterization .
Now calculate for the path given by .
Calculate the first component of .
Calculate the second component of .
Calculate the third component of .
Put together your work for the three components of .
In the previous part, you likely decided that trying to simplify your formulas for was more complicated than you had space for on your paper, and note that we still would need to calculate . Instead of doing more intricate algebraic computations, describe how you would calculate if you had nice formulas for and .
Long, Keller & Schlicker, Active Calculus Multivariable, §10.5 The TNB Frame, Activity 10.5.4