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10.5 Polar Form of Complex Numbers

Modulus and argument in the complex plane, trigonometric form for products and quotients, and De Moivre's Theorem for roots.

Algebra and Trigonometry 2e, 10.5 Polar Form of Complex Numbers

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40 exercises

10.5 Exercise 4

Find the absolute value of the complex number z=12−5i. z = 12 - 5 i .

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10.5 Exercise 6

Given z=1−7i, z = 1 - 7 i , find | z |. \left|z\right| .

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10.5 Exercise 8

Express z=3i z = 3 i as rcisθ r \text{cis} \theta in polar form.

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Finding the Polar Form of a Complex Number

Find the polar form of −4+4i. - 4 + 4 i .

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10.5 Exercise 10

Write z= 3 +i z = \sqrt{3} + i in polar form.

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Converting from Polar to Rectangular Form

Convert the polar form of the given complex number to rectangular form:

z=12( cos( π 6 )+isin( π 6 ) ) z = 12 \left(\cos \left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\right)
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Finding the Rectangular Form of a Complex Number

Find the rectangular form of the complex number given r=13 r = 13 and tanθ= 5 12 . \tan \theta = \frac{5}{12} . Assume the number is in the first quadrant.

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10.5 Exercise 13

Convert the complex number to rectangular form:

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Finding the Product of Two Complex Numbers in Polar Form

Find the product of z 1 z 2 , z_{1} z_{2} , given z 1 =4(cos(80°)+isin(80°)) z_{1} = 4 \left(\cos \left(80°\right) + i \sin \left(80°\right)\right) and z 2 =2(cos(145°)+isin(145°)). z_{2} = 2 \left(\cos \left(145°\right) + i \sin \left(145°\right)\right) .

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Finding the Quotient of Two Complex Numbers

Find the quotient of z 1 =2(cos(213°)+isin(213°)) z_{1} = 2 \left(\cos \left(213°\right) + i \sin \left(213°\right)\right) and z 2 =4(cos(33°)+isin(33°)). z_{2} = 4 \left(\cos \left(33°\right) + i \sin \left(33°\right)\right) .

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10.5 Exercise 16

Find the product and the quotient of z 1 =2 3 (cos(150°)+isin(150°)) z_{1} = 2 \sqrt{3} \left(\cos \left(150°\right) + i \sin \left(150°\right)\right) and z 2 =2(cos(30°)+isin(30°)). z_{2} = 2 \left(\cos \left(30°\right) + i \sin \left(30°\right)\right) .

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Evaluating an Expression Using De Moivre’s Theorem

Evaluate the expression ( 1+i ) 5 \left(1 + i\right)^{5} using De Moivre’s Theorem.

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Finding the n th Root of a Complex Number

Evaluate the cube roots of z=8( cos( 2π 3 )+isin( 2π 3 ) ). z = 8 \left(\cos \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right)\right) .

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10.5 Exercise 19

Find the four fourth roots of 16(cos(120°)+isin(120°)). 16 \left(\cos \left(120°\right) + i \sin \left(120°\right)\right) .

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10.5 Exercise 20

A complex number is a+bi. a + b i . Explain each part.

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10.5 Exercise 22

How is a complex number converted to polar form?

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10.5 Exercise 24

What is De Moivre’s Theorem and what is it used for?

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10.5 Exercise 26

Find the absolute value of the given complex number.

−7+​i - 7 + ​ i

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10.5 Exercise 28

Find the absolute value of the given complex number.

2 −6i \sqrt{2} - 6 i

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10.5 Exercise 30

Find the absolute value of the given complex number.

2.2−3.1i 2.2 - 3.1 i

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10.5 Exercise 32

Write the complex number in polar form.

8−4i 8 - 4 i

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10.5 Exercise 34

Write the complex number in polar form.

3 +i \sqrt{3} + i

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10.5 Exercise 36

Convert the complex number from polar to rectangular form.

z=7cis( π 6 ) z = 7 cis \left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right)

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10.5 Exercise 38

Convert the complex number from polar to rectangular form.

z=4cis( 7π 6 ) z = 4 cis \left(\frac{7 \pi}{6}\right)

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10.5 Exercise 40

Convert the complex number from polar to rectangular form.

z=3cis( 240° ) z = 3 cis \left(240°\right)

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10.5 Exercise 42

Find z 1 z 2 z_{1} z_{2} in polar form.

z 1 =2 3 cis( 116° ); z 2 =2cis( 82° ) z_{1} = 2 \sqrt{3} cis \left(116°\right) ; z_{2} = 2 cis \left(82°\right)

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10.5 Exercise 44

Find z 1 z 2 z_{1} z_{2} in polar form.

z 1 =3cis( 120° ); z 2 = 1 4 cis( 60° ) z_{1} = 3 cis \left(120°\right) ; z_{2} = \frac{1}{4} cis \left(60°\right)

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10.5 Exercise 46

Find z 1 z 2 z_{1} z_{2} in polar form.

z 1 = 5 cis( 5π 8 ); z 2 = 15 cis( π 12 ) z_{1} = \sqrt{5} cis \left(\frac{5 \pi}{8}\right) ; z_{2} = \sqrt{15} cis \left(\frac{\pi}{12}\right)

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10.5 Exercise 48

Find z 1 z 2 \frac{z_{1}}{z_{2}} in polar form.

z 1 =21cis( 135° ); z 2 =3cis( 65° ) z_{1} = 21 cis \left(135°\right) ; z_{2} = 3 cis \left(65°\right)

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10.5 Exercise 50

Find z 1 z 2 \frac{z_{1}}{z_{2}} in polar form.

z 1 =15cis( 120° ); z 2 =3cis( 40° ) z_{1} = 15 cis \left(120°\right) ; z_{2} = 3 cis \left(40°\right)

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10.5 Exercise 52

Find z 1 z 2 \frac{z_{1}}{z_{2}} in polar form.

z 1 =5 2 cis( π ); z 2 = 2 cis( 2π 3 ) z_{1} = 5 \sqrt{2} cis \left(\pi\right) ; z_{2} = \sqrt{2} cis \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right)

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10.5 Exercise 54

Find the powers of each complex number in polar form.

Find z 3 z^{3} when z=5cis( 45° ). z = 5 cis \left(45°\right) .

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10.5 Exercise 56

Find the powers of each complex number in polar form.

Find z 2 z^{2} when z=3cis( 120° ). z = 3 cis \left(120°\right) .

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10.5 Exercise 58

Find the powers of each complex number in polar form.

Find z 4 z^{4} when z=cis( 3π 16 ). z = cis \left(\frac{3 \pi}{16}\right) .

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10.5 Exercise 60

Evaluate each root.

Evaluate the cube root of z z when z=27cis( 240° ). z = 27 cis \left(240°\right) .

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10.5 Exercise 62

Evaluate each root.

Evaluate the cube root of z z when z=32cis( 2π 3 ). z = 32 cis \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right) .

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10.5 Exercise 64

Evaluate each root.

Evaluate the square root of z z when z=8cis( 7π 4 ). z = 8 cis \left(\frac{7 \pi}{4}\right) .

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10.5 Exercise 76

Find all answers rounded to the nearest hundredth.

Use the rectangular to polar feature on the graphing calculator to change 3−2i 3 - 2 i to polar form.

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10.5 Exercise 78

Find all answers rounded to the nearest hundredth.

Use the polar to rectangular feature on the graphing calculator to change 4cis( 120° ) 4 cis \left(120°\right) to rectangular form.

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10.5 Exercise 80

Find all answers rounded to the nearest hundredth.

Use the polar to rectangular feature on the graphing calculator to change 5cis( 210° ) 5 cis \left(210°\right) to rectangular form.

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Adapted from College Algebra © 2021 Rice University. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Sources: College Algebra 2e, Algebra and Trigonometry 2e, Precalculus 2e, College Algebra with Corequisite Support 2e. Imported at revision 4922e46.