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5.5 Zeros of Polynomial Functions

Remainder and Factor Theorems, the Rational Zero Theorem for candidate roots, Descartes' Rule of Signs, and building a polynomial from prescribed zeros.

Algebra and Trigonometry 2e, 5.5 Zeros of Polynomial Functions

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51 exercises

5.5 Exercise 1

Solve: 9m3+100m=60m2.9 m^{3} + 100 m = 60 m^{2} .

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5.5 Exercise 4

Solve quadratic and higher order equations by factoring.

x3-x2-4x+4=0x^{3} - x^{2} - 4 x + 4 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 13

Use the Remainder Theorem to evaluate f(x)=2 x 5 −3 x 4 −9 x 3 +8 x 2 +2 f \left(x\right) = 2 x^{5} - 3 x^{4} - 9 x^{3} + 8 x^{2} + 2 at x=−3. x = - 3.

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5.5 Exercise 15

Use the Factor Theorem to find the zeros of f(x)= x 3 +4 x 2 −4x−16 f \left(x\right) = x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x - 16 given that (x−2) \left(x - 2\right) is a factor of the polynomial.

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Listing All Possible Rational Zeros

List all possible rational zeros of f(x)=2 x 4 −5 x 3 + x 2 −4. f \left(x\right) = 2 x^{4} - 5 x^{3} + x^{2} - 4.

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Using the Rational Zero Theorem to Find Rational Zeros

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the rational zeros of f(x)=2 x 3 + x 2 −4x+1. f \left(x\right) = 2 x^{3} + x^{2} - 4 x + 1.

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5.5 Exercise 18

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the rational zeros of f(x)= x 3 −5 x 2 +2x+1. f \left(x\right) = x^{3} - 5 x^{2} + 2 x + 1.

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5.5 Exercise 21

Find the zeros of f(x)=2 x 3 +5 x 2 −11x+4. f \left(x\right) = 2 x^{3} + 5 x^{2} - 11 x + 4.

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Using the Linear Factorization Theorem to Find a Polynomial with Given Zeros

Find a fourth degree polynomial with real coefficients that has zeros of –3, 2, i, i , such that f(−2)=100. f \left(−2\right) = 100.

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5.5 Exercise 23

Find a third degree polynomial with real coefficients that has zeros of 5 and −2i - 2 i such that f(1)=10. f \left(1\right) = 10.

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5.5 Exercise 25

Use Descartes’ Rule of Signs to determine the maximum possible numbers of positive and negative real zeros for f(x)=2 x 4 −10 x 3 +11 x 2 −15x+12. f \left(x\right) = 2 x^{4} - 10 x^{3} + 11 x^{2} - 15 x + 12. Use a graph to verify the numbers of positive and negative real zeros for the function.

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5.5 Exercise 27

A shipping container in the shape of a rectangular solid must have a volume of 84 cubic meters. The client tells the manufacturer that, because of the contents, the length of the container must be one meter longer than the width, and the height must be one meter greater than twice the width. What should the dimensions of the container be?

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5.5 Exercise 28

Describe a use for the Remainder Theorem.

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5.5 Exercise 30

What is the difference between rational and real zeros?

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5.5 Exercise 32

If synthetic division reveals a zero, why should we try that value again as a possible solution?

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5.5 Exercise 34

Use the Remainder Theorem to find the remainder.

( 3 x 3 −2 x 2 +x−4 )÷( x+3 ) \left(3 x^{3} - 2 x^{2} + x - 4\right) \div \left(x + 3\right)

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5.5 Exercise 36

Use the Remainder Theorem to find the remainder.

( −3 x 2 +6x+24 )÷( x−4 ) \left(- 3 x^{2} + 6 x + 24\right) \div \left(x - 4\right)

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5.5 Exercise 38

Use the Remainder Theorem to find the remainder.

( x 4 −1 )÷( x−4 ) \left(x^{4} - 1\right) \div \left(x - 4\right)

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5.5 Exercise 40

Use the Remainder Theorem to find the remainder.

( 4 x 3 +5 x 2 −2x+7 )÷( x+2 ) \left(4 x^{3} + 5 x^{2} - 2 x + 7\right) \div \left(x + 2\right)

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5.5 Exercise 42

Use the given factor and the Factor Theorem to find all real zeros for the given polynomial function.

f(x)=2 x 3 + x 2 −5x+2;x+2 f \left(x\right) = 2 x^{3} + x^{2} - 5 x + 2 ; x + 2

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5.5 Exercise 44

Use the given factor and the Factor Theorem to find all real zeros for the given polynomial function.

f(x)=2 x 3 +3 x 2 +x+6;x+2 f \left(x\right) = 2 x^{3} + 3 x^{2} + x + 6 ; x + 2

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5.5 Exercise 46

Use the given factor and the Factor Theorem to find all real zeros for the given polynomial function.

x 3 +3 x 2 +4x+12;x+3 x^{3} + 3 x^{2} + 4 x + 12 ; x + 3

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5.5 Exercise 48

Use the given factor and the Factor Theorem to find all real zeros for the given polynomial function.

2 x 3 +5 x 2 −12x−30,​2x+5 2 x^{3} + 5 x^{2} - 12 x - 30 , ​ 2 x + 5

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5.5 Exercise 50

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the real solution(s) to each equation.

2 x 3 +7 x 2 −10x−24=0 2 x^{3} + 7 x^{2} - 10 x - 24 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 52

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the real solution(s) to each equation.

x 3 +5 x 2 −16x−80=0 x^{3} + 5 x^{2} - 16 x - 80 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 54

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the real solution(s) to each equation.

2 x 3 −3 x 2 −32x−15=0 2 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} - 32 x - 15 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 56

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the real solution(s) to each equation.

2 x 3 −3 x 2 −x+1=0 2 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} - x + 1 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 58

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the real solution(s) to each equation.

2 x 3 −5 x 2 +9x−9=0 2 x^{3} - 5 x^{2} + 9 x - 9 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 60

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the real solution(s) to each equation.

x 4 −2 x 3 −7 x 2 +8x+12=0 x^{4} - 2 x^{3} - 7 x^{2} + 8 x + 12 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 62

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the real solution(s) to each equation.

4 x 4 +4 x 3 −25 x 2 −x+6=0 4 x^{4} + 4 x^{3} - 25 x^{2} - x + 6 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 64

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the real solution(s) to each equation.

x 4 +2 x 3 −4 x 2 −10x−5=0 x^{4} + 2 x^{3} - 4 x^{2} - 10 x - 5 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 66

Use the Rational Zero Theorem to find the real solution(s) to each equation.

8 x 4 +26 x 3 +39 x 2 +26x+6 8 x^{^{4}} + 26 x^{3} + 39 x^{2} + 26 x + 6

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5.5 Exercise 68

Find all complex solutions (real and non-real).

x 3 −8 x 2 +25x−26=0 x^{3} - 8 x^{2} + 25 x - 26 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 70

Find all complex solutions (real and non-real).

3 x 3 −4 x 2 +11x+10=0 3 x^{3} - 4 x^{2} + 11 x + 10 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 72

Find all complex solutions (real and non-real).

2 x 3 −3 x 2 +32x+17=0 2 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 32 x + 17 = 0

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5.5 Exercise 84

List all possible rational zeros for the functions.

f(x)=2 x 3 +3 x 2 −8x+5 f \left(x\right) = 2 x^{^{3}} + 3 x^{2} - 8 x + 5

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5.5 Exercise 86

List all possible rational zeros for the functions.

f(x)=6 x 4 −10 x 2 +13x+1 f \left(x\right) = 6 x^{4} - 10 x^{2} + 13 x + 1

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5.5 Exercise 88

Use your calculator to graph the polynomial function. Based on the graph, find the rational zeros. All real solutions are rational.

f(x)=6 x 3 −7 x 2 +1 f \left(x\right) = 6 x^{3} - 7 x^{2} + 1

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5.5 Exercise 90

Use your calculator to graph the polynomial function. Based on the graph, find the rational zeros. All real solutions are rational.

f(x)=8 x 3 −6 x 2 −23x+6 f \left(x\right) = 8 x^{3} - 6 x^{2} - 23 x + 6

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5.5 Exercise 92

Use your calculator to graph the polynomial function. Based on the graph, find the rational zeros. All real solutions are rational.

f(x)=16 x 4 −24 x 3 + x 2 −15x+25 f \left(x\right) = 16 x^{4} - 24 x^{3} + x^{2} - 15 x + 25

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5.5 Exercise 94

Construct a polynomial function of least degree possible using the given information.

Real roots: –1, 1 (with multiplicity 2 and 1) and ( 2,f( 2 ) )=( 2,4 ) \left(2 , f \left(2\right)\right) = \left(2 , 4\right)

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5.5 Exercise 96

Construct a polynomial function of least degree possible using the given information.

Real roots: − 1 2 - \frac{1}{2} , 0, 1 2 \frac{1}{2} and ( −2,f( −2 ) )=( −2,6 ) \left(- 2 , f \left(- 2\right)\right) = \left(- 2 , 6\right)

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5.5 Exercise 98

Find the dimensions of the box described.

The length is twice as long as the width. The height is 2 inches greater than the width. The volume is 192 cubic inches.

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5.5 Exercise 100

Find the dimensions of the box described.

The length is one inch more than the width, which is one inch more than the height. The volume is 86.625 cubic inches.

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5.5 Exercise 102

Find the dimensions of the box described.

The length is 3 inches more than the width. The width is 2 inches more than the height. The volume is 120 cubic inches.

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5.5 Exercise 104

Find the dimensions of the right circular cylinder described.

The height is one less than one half the radius. The volume is 72π 72 \pi cubic meters.

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5.5 Exercise 106

Find the dimensions of the right circular cylinder described.

The radius and height differ by two meters. The height is greater and the volume is 28.125π 28.125 \pi cubic meters.

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Using the Remainder Theorem to Evaluate a Polynomial

Use the Remainder Theorem to evaluate f(x)=6 x 4 − x 3 −15 x 2 +2x−7 f \left(x\right) = 6 x^{4} - x^{3} - 15 x^{2} + 2 x - 7 at x=2. x = 2.

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Using the Factor Theorem to Solve a Polynomial Equation

Show that (x+2) \left(x + 2\right) is a factor of x 3 −6 x 2 −x+30. x^{3} - 6 x^{2} - x + 30. Find the remaining factors. Use the factors to determine the zeros of the polynomial.

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Finding the Zeros of a Polynomial Function with Repeated Real Zeros

Find the zeros of f(x)=4 x 3 −3x−1. f \left(x\right) = 4 x^{3} - 3 x - 1.

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Finding the Zeros of a Polynomial Function with Complex Zeros

Find the zeros of f(x)=3 x 3 +9 x 2 +x+3. f \left(x\right) = 3 x^{3} + 9 x^{2} + x + 3.

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Adapted from College Algebra © 2021 Rice University. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Sources: College Algebra 2e, Algebra and Trigonometry 2e, Precalculus 2e, College Algebra with Corequisite Support 2e. Imported at revision 4922e46.