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11.8 Solving Systems with Cramer's Rule

Determinants of 2x2 and 3x3 matrices, solutions written as ratios of determinants, and what a zero determinant signals.

Algebra and Trigonometry 2e, 11.8 Solving Systems with Cramer's Rule

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95 exercises

11.8 Exercise 1

Use Cramer’s rule to solve the system of equations.

-2x+3y=3x+3y=12\left\{\begin{matrix} - 2 x + 3 y = 3 \\ x + 3 y = 12 \end{matrix}\right

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Finding the Determinant of a 2 × 2 Matrix

Find the determinant of the given matrix.

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Using Cramer’s Rule to Solve a 2 × 2 System

Solve the following 2×2 2 \times 2 system using Cramer’s Rule.

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11.8 Exercise 7

Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the 2 × 2 system of equations.

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Finding the Determinant of a 3 × 3 Matrix

Find the determinant of the 3 × 3 matrix given

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11.8 Exercise 9

Find the determinant of the 3 × 3 matrix.

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Solving a 3 × 3 System Using Cramer’s Rule

Find the solution to the given 3 × 3 system using Cramer’s Rule.

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11.8 Exercise 11

Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the 3 × 3 matrix.

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Illustrating Properties of Determinants

Illustrate each of the properties of determinants.

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Using Cramer’s Rule and Determinant Properties to Solve a System

Find the solution to the given 3 × 3 system.

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11.8 Exercise 16

Explain why we can always evaluate the determinant of a square matrix.

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11.8 Exercise 18

Explain what it means in terms of an inverse for a matrix to have a 0 determinant.

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11.8 Exercise 20

Find the determinant.

| 1 2 3 4 | \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 22

Find the determinant.

| 2 −5 −1 6 | \begin{vmatrix} 2 & - 5 \\ - 1 & 6 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 24

Find the determinant.

| 1 0 3 −4 | \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 3 & - 4 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 26

Find the determinant.

| 10 0.2 5 0.1 | \begin{vmatrix} 10 & 0.2 \\ 5 & 0.1 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 28

Find the determinant.

| −2 −3 3.1 4,000 | \begin{vmatrix} - 2 & - 3 \\ 3.1 & 4 , 000 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 30

Find the determinant.

| −1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 −3 | \begin{vmatrix} - 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & - 3 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 32

Find the determinant.

| 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 | \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 34

Find the determinant.

| −2 1 4 −4 2 −8 2 −8 −3 | \begin{vmatrix} - 2 & 1 & 4 \\ - 4 & 2 & - 8 \\ 2 & - 8 & - 3 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 36

Find the determinant.

| 5 1 −1 2 3 1 3 −6 −3 | \begin{vmatrix} 5 & 1 & - 1 \\ 2 & 3 & 1 \\ 3 & - 6 & - 3 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 38

Find the determinant.

| 2 −1.6 3.1 1.1 3 −8 −9.3 0 2 | \begin{vmatrix} 2 & - 1.6 & 3.1 \\ 1.1 & 3 & - 8 \\ - 9.3 & 0 & 2 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 40

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

2x−3y=−1 4x+5y=9 \begin{matrix}2 x - 3 y = −1 \\ 4 x + 5 y = 9\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 42

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

6x−3y=2 −8x+9y=−1 \begin{matrix}6 x - 3 y = 2 \\ - 8 x + 9 y = −1\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 44

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x+3y=23 2x−y=−1 \begin{matrix}4 x + 3 y = 23 \\ 2 x - y = −1\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 46

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x−3y=−3 2x+6y=−4 \begin{matrix}4 x - 3 y = −3 \\ 2 x + 6 y = −4\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 48

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x+10y=180 −3x−5y=−105 \begin{matrix}4 x + 10 y = 180 \\ - 3 x - 5 y = −105\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 50

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

x+2y−4z=−1 7x+3y+5z=26 −2x−6y+7z=−6 \begin{matrix}x + 2 y - 4 z = - 1 \\ 7 x + 3 y + 5 z = 26 \\ - 2 x - 6 y + 7 z = - 6\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 52

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x+5y−z=−7 −2x−9y+2z=8 5y+7z=21 \begin{matrix}4 x + 5 y - z = −7 \\ −2 x - 9 y + 2 z = 8 \\ 5 y + 7 z = 21\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 54

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x−2y+3z=6 −6x+y=−2 2x+7y+8z=24 \begin{matrix}4 x - 2 y + 3 z = 6 \\ - 6 x + y = - 2 \\ 2 x + 7 y + 8 z = 24\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 56

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

13x−17y+16z=73 −11x+15y+17z=61 46x+10y−30z=−18 \begin{matrix}13 x - 17 y + 16 z = 73 \\ - 11 x + 15 y + 17 z = 61 \\ 46 x + 10 y - 30 z = - 18\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 58

Solve the system of linear equations using Cramer’s Rule.

4x−6y+8z=10 −2x+3y−4z=−5 x+y+z=1 \begin{matrix}4 x - 6 y + 8 z = 10 \\ - 2 x + 3 y - 4 z = - 5 \\ x + y + z = 1\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 60

Use the determinant function on a graphing utility.

| 1 0 8 9 0 2 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 2 4 3 | \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 & 8 & 9 \\ 0 & 2 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 & 4 & 3 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 62

Use the determinant function on a graphing utility.

| 1 2 1 7 4 0 1 2 100 5 0 0 2 2,000 0 0 0 2 | \begin{vmatrix} \frac{1}{2} & 1 & 7 & 4 \\ 0 & \frac{1}{2} & 100 & 5 \\ 0 & 0 & 2 & 2,000 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 2 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 64

Create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, calculate the determinant. Will there be a unique solution? If so, find the unique solution.

Two numbers add up to 56. One number is 20 less than the other.

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11.8 Exercise 66

Create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, calculate the determinant. Will there be a unique solution? If so, find the unique solution.

Three numbers add up to 106. The first number is 3 less than the second number. The third number is 4 more than the first number.

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11.8 Exercise 68

Create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

You invest $10,000 into two accounts, which receive 8% interest and 5% interest. At the end of a year, you had $10,710 in your combined accounts. How much was invested in each account?

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11.8 Exercise 70

Create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

A theater needs to know how many adult tickets and children tickets were sold out of the 1,200 total tickets. If children’s tickets are $5.95, adult tickets are $11.15, and the total amount of revenue was $12,756, how many children’s tickets and adult tickets were sold?

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11.8 Exercise 72

Create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

You decide to paint your kitchen green. You create the color of paint by mixing yellow and blue paints. You cannot remember how many gallons of each color went into your mix, but you know there were 10 gal total. Additionally, you kept your receipt, and know the total amount s…

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11.8 Exercise 74

Create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

Your garden produced two types of tomatoes, one green and one red. The red weigh 10 oz, and the green weigh 4 oz. You have 30 tomatoes, and a total weight of 13 lb, 14 oz. How many of each type of tomato do you have?

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11.8 Exercise 76

Create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

At the same market, the three most popular fruits make up 37% of the total fruit sold. Strawberries sell twice as much as oranges, and kiwis sell one more percentage point than oranges. For each fruit, find the percentage of total fruit sold.

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11.8 Exercise 78

Create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

A movie theatre sold tickets to three movies. The tickets to the first movie were $5, the tickets to the second movie were $11, and the third movie was $12. 100 tickets were sold to the first movie. The total number of tickets sold was 642, for a total revenue of $6,774. How m…

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11.8 Exercise 80

For the “hiking” mix, there are 1,000 pieces in the mix, containing 390.8 g of fat, and 165 g of protein. If there is the same amount of almonds as cashews, how many of each item is in the trail mix?

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11.8 Exercise 82

Determine whether the ordered pair is a solution to the system of equations.

3x−y=4 x+4y=−3 \begin{matrix}3 x - y = 4 \\ x + 4 y = - 3\end{matrix} and (−1,1) \left(- 1 , 1\right)

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11.8 Exercise 84

Use substitution to solve the system of equations.

10x+5y=−5 3x−2y=−12 \begin{matrix}10 x + 5 y = −5 \\ 3 x - 2 y = −12\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 86

Use substitution to solve the system of equations.

5x+6y=14 4x+8y=8 \begin{matrix}5 x + 6 y = 14 \\ 4 x + 8 y = 8\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 88

Use addition to solve the system of equations.

3x+4y=2 9x+12y=3 \begin{matrix}3 x + 4 y = 2 \\ 9 x + 12 y = 3\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 90

Write a system of equations to solve each problem. Solve the system of equations.

A factory has a cost of production C(x)=150x+15,000 C \left(x\right) = 150 x + 15 , 000 and a revenue function R(x)=200x. R \left(x\right) = 200 x . What is the break-even point?

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11.8 Exercise 92

Solve the system of three equations using substitution or addition.

0.5x−0.5y=10 −0.2y+0.2x=4 0.1x+0.1z=2 \begin{matrix}0.5 x - 0.5 y = 10 \\ - 0.2 y + 0.2 x = 4 \\ 0.1 x + 0.1 z = 2\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 94

Solve the system of three equations using substitution or addition.

x+y+z=1 2x+2y+2z=1 3x+3y=2 \begin{matrix}x + y + z = 1 \\ 2 x + 2 y + 2 z = 1 \\ 3 x + 3 y = 2\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 96

Solve the system of three equations using substitution or addition.

3x+2y−z=−10 x−y+2z=7 −x+3y+z=−2 \begin{matrix}3 x + 2 y - z = −10 \\ x - y + 2 z = 7 \\ - x + 3 y + z = −2\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 98

Solve the system of three equations using substitution or addition.

2x−3y+z=0 2x+4y−3z=0 6x−2y−z=0 \begin{matrix}2 x - 3 y + z = 0 \\ 2 x + 4 y - 3 z = 0 \\ 6 x - 2 y - z = 0\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 100

Write a system of equations to solve each problem. Solve the system of equations.

Three odd numbers sum up to 61. The smaller is one-third the larger and the middle number is 16 less than the larger. What are the three numbers?

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11.8 Exercise 102

Solve the system of nonlinear equations.

y= x 2 −7 y=5x−13 \begin{matrix}y = x^{2} - 7 \\ y = 5 x - 13\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 104

Solve the system of nonlinear equations.

x 2 + y 2 =16 y=x−8 \begin{matrix}x^{2} + y^{2} = 16 \\ y = x - 8\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 106

Solve the system of nonlinear equations.

x 2 + y 2 =4 y− x 2 =3 \begin{matrix}x^{2} + y^{2} = 4 \\ y - x^{2} = 3\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 112

Decompose into partial fractions.

−2x+6 x 2 +3x+2 \frac{- 2 x + 6}{x^{2} + 3 x + 2}

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11.8 Exercise 114

Decompose into partial fractions.

7x+20 x 2 +10x+25 \frac{7 x + 20}{x^{2} + 10 x + 25}

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11.8 Exercise 116

Decompose into partial fractions.

− x 2 +36x+70 x 3 −125 \frac{- x^{2} + 36 x + 70}{x^{3} - 125}

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11.8 Exercise 118

Decompose into partial fractions.

x 3 −4 x 2 +3x+11 ( x 2 −2) 2 \frac{x^{3} - 4 x^{2} + 3 x + 11}{\left(x^{2} - 2\right)^{2}}

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11.8 Exercise 120

−4A - 4 A

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11.8 Exercise 122

B+C B + C

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11.8 Exercise 124

BA B A

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11.8 Exercise 126

CB C B

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11.8 Exercise 128

ED E D

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11.8 Exercise 130

CE C E

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11.8 Exercise 132

Write the system of linear equations from the augmented matrix. Indicate whether there will be a unique solution.

[ 1 0 −3 0 1 2 0 0 0 | 7 −5 0 ] \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & −3 \\ 0 & 1 & 2 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \left|\right. 7 \\ −5 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 134

Write the augmented matrix from the system of linear equations.

−2x+2y+z=7 2x−8y+5z=0 19x−10y+22z=3 \begin{matrix}- 2 x + 2 y + z = 7 \\ 2 x - 8 y + 5 z = 0 \\ 19 x - 10 y + 22 z = 3\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 136

Write the augmented matrix from the system of linear equations.

x+3z=12 −x+4y=0 y+2z=−7 \begin{matrix}x + 3 z = 12 \\ - x + 4 y = 0 \\ y + 2 z = - 7\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 138

Solve the system of linear equations using Gaussian elimination.

3x−4y=1 −6x+8y=6 \begin{matrix}3 x - 4 y = 1 \\ - 6 x + 8 y = 6\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 140

Solve the system of linear equations using Gaussian elimination.

2x+3y+2z=1 −4x−6y−4z=−2 10x+15y+10z=0 \begin{matrix}2 x + 3 y + 2 z = 1 \\ - 4 x - 6 y - 4 z = - 2 \\ 10 x + 15 y + 10 z = 0\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 142

Find the inverse of the matrix.

[ −0.2 1.4 1.2 −0.4 ] \begin{bmatrix} - 0.2 & 1.4 \\ 1.2 & - 0.4 \end{bmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 144

Find the inverse of the matrix.

[ 12 9 −6 −1 3 2 −4 −3 2 ] \begin{bmatrix} 12 & 9 & - 6 \\ - 1 & 3 & 2 \\ - 4 & - 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 146

Find the solutions by computing the inverse of the matrix.

0.3x−0.1y=−10 −0.1x+0.3y=14 \begin{matrix}0.3 x - 0.1 y = - 10 \\ - 0.1 x + 0.3 y = 14\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 148

Find the solutions by computing the inverse of the matrix.

4x+3y−3z=−4.3 5x−4y−z=−6.1 x+z=−0.7 \begin{matrix}4 x + 3 y - 3 z = - 4.3 \\ 5 x - 4 y - z = - 6.1 \\ x + z = - 0.7\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 150

Write a system of equations to solve each problem. Solve the system of equations.

Students were asked to bring their favorite fruit to class. 90% of the fruits consisted of banana, apple, and oranges. If oranges were half as popular as bananas and apples were 5% more popular than bananas, what are the percentages of each individual fruit?

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11.8 Exercise 152

Find the determinant.

| 100 0 0 0 | \begin{vmatrix} 100 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 154

Find the determinant.

| −1 4 3 0 2 3 0 0 −3 | \begin{vmatrix} - 1 & 4 & 3 \\ 0 & 2 & 3 \\ 0 & 0 & - 3 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 156

Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the linear systems of equations.

4x−2y=23 −5x−10y=−35 \begin{matrix}4 x - 2 y = 23 \\ - 5 x - 10 y = - 35\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 158

Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the linear systems of equations.

−0.5x+0.1y=0.3 −0.25x+0.05y=0.15 \begin{matrix}- 0.5 x + 0.1 y = 0.3 \\ - 0.25 x + 0.05 y = 0.15\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 160

Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the linear systems of equations.

4x−3y+5z=− 5 2 7x−9y−3z= 3 2 x−5y−5z= 5 2 \begin{matrix}4 x - 3 y + 5 z = - \frac{5}{2} \\ 7 x - 9 y - 3 z = \frac{3}{2} \\ x - 5 y - 5 z = \frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 162

Is the following ordered pair a solution to the system of equations?

−5x−y=12 x+4y=9 \begin{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix}- 5 x - y = 12 \\ x + 4 y = 9\end{matrix}\end{matrix} with (−3,3) \left(- 3 , 3\right)

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11.8 Exercise 164

Solve the systems of linear and nonlinear equations using substitution or elimination. Indicate if no solution exists.

− 1 2 x−4y=4 2x+16y=2 \begin{aligned} \\ - \frac{1}{2} x - 4 y = 4 \\ 2 x + 16 y = 2\end{aligned}

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11.8 Exercise 166

Solve the systems of linear and nonlinear equations using substitution or elimination. Indicate if no solution exists.

4x−6y−2z= 1 10 x−7y+5z=− 1 4 3x+6y−9z= 6 5 \begin{matrix}4 x - 6 y - 2 z = \frac{1}{10} \\ x - 7 y + 5 z = - \frac{1}{4} \\ 3 x + 6 y - 9 z = \frac{6}{5}\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 168

Solve the systems of linear and nonlinear equations using substitution or elimination. Indicate if no solution exists.

5x−4y−3z=0 2x+y+2z=0 x−6y−7z=0 \begin{matrix}5 x - 4 y - 3 z = 0 \\ 2 x + y + 2 z = 0 \\ x - 6 y - 7 z = 0\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 170

Solve the systems of linear and nonlinear equations using substitution or elimination. Indicate if no solution exists.

y 2 + x 2 =25 y 2 −2 x 2 =1 \begin{matrix}y^{2} + x^{2} = 25 \\ y^{2} - 2 x^{2} = 1\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 174

Write the partial fraction decomposition.

13x+2 (3x+1) 2 \frac{13 x + 2}{\left(3 x + 1\right)^{2}}

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11.8 Exercise 176

Perform the given matrix operations.

5[ 4 9 −2 3 ]+ 1 2 [ −6 12 4 −8 ] 5 \begin{bmatrix} 4 & 9 \\ - 2 & 3 \end{bmatrix} + \frac{1}{2} \begin{bmatrix} - 6 & 12 \\ 4 & - 8 \end{bmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 178

Perform the given matrix operations.

[ 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 ] −1 \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{3} \\ \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{5} \end{bmatrix}^{- 1}

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11.8 Exercise 180

Perform the given matrix operations.

det| 1 2 − 1 2 0 − 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 | \det \begin{vmatrix} \frac{1}{2} & - \frac{1}{2} & 0 \\ - \frac{1}{2} & 0 & \frac{1}{2} \\ 0 & \frac{1}{2} & 0 \end{vmatrix}

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11.8 Exercise 182

Perform the given matrix operations.

Rewrite the system of linear equations as an augmented matrix.

14x−2y+13z=140 −2x+3y−6z=−1 x−5y+12z=11 \begin{matrix}14 x - 2 y + 13 z = 140 \\ - 2 x + 3 y - 6 z = - 1 \\ x - 5 y + 12 z = 11\end{matrix}
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11.8 Exercise 184

Use Gaussian elimination to solve the systems of equations.

x−6y=4 2x−12y=0 \begin{matrix}x - 6 y = 4 \\ 2 x - 12 y = 0\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 186

Use the inverse of a matrix to solve the systems of equations.

4x−5y=−50 −x+2y=80 \begin{matrix}4 x - 5 y = - 50 \\ - x + 2 y = 80\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 188

Use Cramer’s Rule to solve the systems of equations.

200x−300y=2 400x+715y=4 \begin{matrix}200 x - 300 y = 2 \\ 400 x + 715 y = 4\end{matrix}

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11.8 Exercise 190

Solve using a system of linear equations.

A factory producing cell phones has the following cost and revenue functions: C(x)= x 2 +75x+2,688 C \left(x\right) = x^{2} + 75 x + 2 , 688 and R(x)= x 2 +160x. R \left(x\right) = x^{2} + 160 x . What is the range of cell phones they should produce each day so there is profit? Round to the nearest number that generates profit.

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Adapted from College Algebra © 2021 Rice University. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Sources: College Algebra 2e, Algebra and Trigonometry 2e, Precalculus 2e, College Algebra with Corequisite Support 2e. Imported at revision 4922e46.