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The Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure

Turning spanning sets in R^3 and R^4 into orthogonal bases by subtracting projections one vector at a time, under the dot product and matrix-defined inner products.

Matrix Theory and Linear Algebra, The Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure

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7 exercises

Exercise 11.3.1

In R3\mathbb{R}^{3} with the usual dot product, find an orthogonal basis for

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Exercise 11.3.2

In R4\mathbb{R}^{4} with the usual dot product, find an orthogonal basis for

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Exercise 11.3.3

In R4\mathbb{R}^{4} with the usual dot product, find an orthogonal basis for

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Exercise 11.3.4

Let

and consider the vector space R3\mathbb{R}^{3} with the inner product given by ⟨v,w⟩=vTAw\langle\mathbf{v},\mathbf{w}\rangle=\mathbf{v}^{T}A\mathbf{w}. Let

Apply the Gram-Schmidt procedure to v1,v2,v3\mathbf{v}_{1},\mathbf{v}_{2},\mathbf{v}_{3} to find an orthogonal basis {u1,u2,u3}\left\{\mathbf{u}_{1},\mathbf{u}_{2},\mathbf{u}_{3}\right\} for R3\mathbb{R}^{3} with respect to the above inner product.

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Exercise 11.3.5

Let

and consider the vector space R4\mathbb{R}^{4} with the inner product given by ⟨v,w⟩=vTAw\langle\mathbf{v},\mathbf{w}\rangle=\mathbf{v}^{T}A\mathbf{w}. Let

and let W=span⁡{v1,v2,v3}W=\operatorname{span}\left\{\mathbf{v}_{1},\mathbf{v}_{2},\mathbf{v}_{3}\right\}. Apply the Gram-Schmidt procedure to v1,v2,v3\mathbf{v}_{1},\mathbf{v}_{2},\mathbf{v}_{3} to find an orthogonal basis {u1,u2,u3}\left\{\mathbf{u}_{1},\mathbf{u}_{2},\mathbf{u}_{3}\right\} for WW with respect to the above inner product.

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Exercise 11.3.6

Consider the inner product space C[0,2]C[0,2], with the inner product given by

Use the Gram-Schmidt procedure to find an orthogonal basis for span⁡{1,x,x2}\operatorname{span}\left\{1,x,x^{2}\right\}.

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Exercise 11.3.7

Find an orthonormal basis for the subspace of R3\mathbb{R}^{3} from Exercise 13.

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Adapted from Matrix Theory and Linear Algebra © 2017–2026 Peter Selinger, Lyryx Learning, and Ken Kuttler. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: Matrix Theory and Linear Algebra. Imported at revision d74bc3a.