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Exercise I

Avg difficulty 3.0

Determine whether each argument is valid or invalid, using a complete truth table.

  1. A→BA\rightarrow B, B∴AB\therefore A

  2. A↔BA\leftrightarrow B, B↔C∴A↔CB\leftrightarrow C\therefore A\leftrightarrow C

  3. A→BA\rightarrow B, A→C∴B→CA\rightarrow C\therefore B\rightarrow C

    .

  4. A→BA\rightarrow B, B→A∴A↔BB\rightarrow A\therefore A\leftrightarrow B

Magnus et al., forall x: Calgary, Truth tables, Semantic concepts, Exercise I

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Adapted from forall x: Calgary © 2025 P. D. Magnus, Tim Button, Robert Trueman, and Richard Zach. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: forall x: Calgary. Imported at revision ec34df8.