16.4 Exercise 4

Use the standard free energy of formation data in Appendix G to determine the free energy change for each of the following reactions, which are run under standard state conditions and 25 °C. Identify each as either spontaneous or nonspontaneous at these conditions.

(a) $\text{MnO}_{2} \left(s\right) \rightarrow \text{Mn} \left(s\right) + \text{O}_{2} \left(g\right)$

(b) $\text{H}_{2} \left(g\right) + \text{Br}_{2} \left(l\right) \rightarrow \text{2HBr} \left(g\right)$

(c) $\text{Cu} \left(s\right) + \text{S} \left(g\right) \rightarrow \text{CuS} \left(s\right)$

(d) $\text{2LiOH} \left(s\right) + \text{CO}_{2} \left(g\right) \rightarrow \text{Li}_{2} \text{CO}_{3} \left(s\right) + \text{H}_{2} \text{O} \left(g\right)$

(e) $\text{CH}_{4} \left(g\right) + \text{O}_{2} \left(g\right) \rightarrow \text{C} \left(s , \text{graphite}\right) + \text{2H}_{2} \text{O} \left(g\right)$

(f) $\text{CS}_{2} \left(g\right) + \text{3Cl}_{2} \left(g\right) \rightarrow \text{CCl}_{4} \left(g\right) + \text{S}_{2} \text{Cl}_{2} \left(g\right)$