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General Chemistry

Two semesters of general chemistry: atomic structure, stoichiometry, bonding, gases, thermochemistry, solutions, kinetics, equilibrium, acid–base chemistry, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and nuclear chemistry. The exercises drill the quantitative core of chemistry — moles, reactions, and equilibrium reasoning.

Merged from Chemistry 2e & Chemistry: Atoms First 2e

788 exercises115 sections
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Sections
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Essential Ideas

49
1.1 Chemistry in Context4
1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter9
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties4
1.4 Measurements5
1.5 Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision5
1.6 Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results22

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

27
2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory1
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory3
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism8
2.4 Chemical Formulas2
2.5 The Periodic Table4
2.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds3
2.7 Chemical Nomenclature6

Composition of Substances and Solutions

39
3.1 Formula Mass and the Mole Concept15
3.2 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas6
3.3 Molarity12
3.4 Other Units for Solution Concentrations6

Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions

47
4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations6
4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions15
4.3 Reaction Stoichiometry9
4.4 Reaction Yields8
4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis9

Thermochemistry

44
5.1 Energy Basics7
5.2 Calorimetry12
5.3 Enthalpy24
9.4 Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds1

Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements

40
6.1 Electromagnetic Energy8
6.2 The Bohr Model7
6.3 Development of Quantum Theory6
6.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)9
6.5 Periodic Variations in Element Properties10

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry

37
7.1 Ionic Bonding5
7.2 Covalent Bonding6
7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures2
7.4 Formal Charges and Resonance3
7.5 Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds8
7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity13

Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding

17
8.1 Valence Bond Theory2
8.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals3
8.3 Multiple Bonds3
8.4 Molecular Orbital Theory9

Gases

48
9.1 Gas Pressure7
9.2 Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law13
9.3 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions16
9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases5
9.5 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory4
9.6 Non-Ideal Gas Behavior3

Liquids and Solids

49
10.1 Intermolecular Forces10
10.2 Properties of Liquids3
10.3 Phase Transitions12
10.4 Phase Diagrams3
10.5 The Solid State of Matter5
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids16

Solutions and Colloids

37
11.1 The Dissolution Process4
11.2 Electrolytes3
11.3 Solubility5
11.4 Colligative Properties22
11.5 Colloids3

Kinetics

39
12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates3
12.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates3
12.3 Rate Laws10
12.4 Integrated Rate Laws6
12.5 Collision Theory9
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms4
12.7 Catalysis4

Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts

45
13.1 Chemical Equilibria3
13.2 Equilibrium Constants12
13.3 Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle10
13.4 Equilibrium Calculations20

Acid-Base Equilibria

48
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases7
14.2 pH and pOH6
14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases22
14.4 Hydrolysis of Salts1
14.5 Polyprotic Acids3
14.6 Buffers7
14.7 Acid-Base Titrations2

Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes

49
15.1 Precipitation and Dissolution30
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases9
15.3 Coupled Equilibria10

Thermodynamics

33
16.1 Spontaneity3
16.2 Entropy7
16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics5
16.4 Free Energy18

Electrochemistry

24
17.1 Review of Redox Chemistry5
17.2 Galvanic Cells5
17.3 Electrode and Cell Potentials3
17.4 Potential, Free Energy, and Equilibrium3
17.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells3
17.6 Corrosion3
17.7 Electrolysis2

Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

52
18.1 Periodicity7
18.2 Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals7
18.3 Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids7
18.4 Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals3
18.5 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen3
18.6 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates1
18.7 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen2
18.8 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus4
18.9 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen6
18.10 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur5
18.11 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens4
18.12 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases3

Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry

21
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds13
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals3
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds5

Organic Chemistry

12
20.1 Hydrocarbons4
20.2 Alcohols and Ethers2
20.3 Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters3
20.4 Amines and Amides3

Nuclear Chemistry

31
21.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability5
21.2 Nuclear Equations4
21.3 Radioactive Decay14
21.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy4
21.5 Uses of Radioisotopes2
21.6 Biological Effects of Radiation2

Adapted from General Chemistry © 2019 Rice University. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Sources: Chemistry 2e, Chemistry: Atoms First 2e. Imported at revision 32c7196.