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Splitting the Acceleration Vector

Decomposing acceleration into a tangential component that changes speed and a normal component that changes direction of travel.

Active Calculus Multivariable, Splitting the Acceleration Vector

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8 exercises

Activity 10.7.2

In this activity, we will work to understand the sign of aT⃗a_{\vT} and aN⃗a_{\vN}.

  1. The tangential component of acceleration is defined as aT⃗=a⃗⋅T⃗a_{\vT} = \va \cdot \vT, while equation this equation establishes that aT⃗=d(speed)dta_{\vT} = \frac{d\text{(speed)}}{dt} is also true. Use these formulas to determine whether aT⃗a_{\vT} can be zero. Either explain why aT⃗a_{\vT} is always nonzero or describe scenarios in which aT⃗=0a_{\vT}=0.

  2. Determine whether aT⃗a_{\vT} can be negative. Either explain aT⃗a_{\vT} is never negative or describe scen…

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Activity 10.7.3

Compute the splitting of the acceleration for the curve given by r⃗(t)=⟨t,t22,t36⟩\vr(t)= \langle t, \frac{t^2}{2},\frac{t^3}{6} \rangle at t=1t=1. You should calculate aT⃗a_{\vT}, aN⃗a_{\vN}, T⃗\vT, and N⃗\vN. Additionally, you should verify a⃗=aT⃗T⃗+aN⃗N⃗\va = a_{\vT} \vT +a_{\vN} \vN and that T⃗\vT is orthogonal to N⃗\vN.

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Activity 10.7.4

In this activity, you will determine if the measurements related to the splitting of acceleration are properties of the driver or properties of the road. This is a continuation of this activity. As a reminder, a measurement is a property of the driver if the value of that measurement can be different for different drivers when measured at the same location on the racetrack. A measurement is a prop…

2.5

Exercise 4

In this exercise, we will compute and compare elements of the splitting of acceleration for three different people (Nick, Jane, and Tony) as they drive around the same racetrack.

  1. Suppose that at time t=bt=b, Jane is at a location which we will denote P1P_1 in her race car. The velocity and acceleration vectors for Jane are ⟨2,0,−2⟩\langle{2,0,-2}\rangle and ⟨3,2,−3⟩\langle{3,2,-3}\rangle. Calculate the following:

    1. T⃗(b)\vec{T}(b)
    2. aT⃗(b)a_{\vec{T}}(b)
    3. aN⃗(b)a_{\vec{N}}(b)
    4. N⃗(b)\vec{N}(b)
  2. Suppose that at time t=ct=c, Nick is at a location P1P_1…

2.5

Exercise 5

  1. Compute the splitting of the acceleration for the curve given by r⃗(t)=⟨t,t22,t36⟩\vr(t)= \langle t, \frac{t^2}{2},\frac{t^3}{6} \rangle at t=−1t=-1. You should calculate aT⃗a_{\vT}, aN⃗a_{\vN}, T⃗\vT, and N⃗\vN, then verify a⃗=aT⃗T⃗+aN⃗N⃗\va = a_{\vT} \vT +a_{\vN} \vN and that T⃗\vT is orthogonal to N⃗\vN.

  2. Compute the splitting of the acceleration for the curve given by r⃗(t)=⟨t,et,tet⟩\vr(t)= \langle t, e^t,t e^t \rangle at t=0t=0. You should calculate aT⃗a_{\vT}, aN⃗a_{\vN}, T⃗\vT, and N⃗\vN, then verify a⃗=aT⃗T⃗+aN⃗N⃗\va = a_{\vT} \vT +a_{\vN} \vN and that T⃗\vT is orthogonal to N⃗\vN.

2.5

Exercise 6

Given a curve with a parameterization such that v⃗(11)=⟨3,4⟩\vv(11)= \langle 3,4 \rangle and a⃗(11)=⟨−2,1⟩\va(11) = \langle -2,1 \rangle.

  1. Find T⃗(11)\vT(11)

  2. Find aT⃗(11)a_{\vT}(11)

  3. Find aT⃗(11)T⃗(11)a_{\vT}(11) \vT(11)

  4. Find aN⃗(11)a_{\vN}(11)

  5. Find aN⃗(11)N⃗(11)a_{\vN}(11) \vN(11)

  6. Find N⃗(11)\vN(11)

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Exercise 7

In this exercise we want to relate the scalar and vector measurements involved in the splitting of acceleration to different modes of transportation. While everyone has different experiences with piloting different modes of transportation, we will phrase this question in terms of driving a car. Feel free to substitute another mode of transportation like riding a bike, riding a scooter, driving a b…

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Exercise 8

In this exercise we want to relate the scalar and vector measurements involved in the splitting of acceleration to different modes of transportation. While everyone has different experiences with piloting different modes of transportation, we will phrase this question in terms of riding a bike. Feel free to substitute another mode of transportation like driving a car, riding a scooter, driving a b…

2.5

Adapted from Active Calculus Multivariable © 2013–2026 Nicholas Long, Mitchel T. Keller, and Steven Schlicker. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: Active Calculus Multivariable. Imported at revision 692c03c.