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2.5 Quadratic Equations

Factoring, the square root property, completing the square, and the quadratic formula, plus judging which of the four methods suits a given equation.

Algebra and Trigonometry 2e, 2.5 Quadratic Equations

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47 exercises

2.5 Exercise 1

Recognize and use the appropriate method to factor a polynomial completely.

  1. ⓐ 5x3-15x2-50x5 x^{3} - 15 x^{2} - 50 x
  2. ⓑ 4x2+20xy+25y24 x^{2} + 20 x y + 25 y^{2}
  3. ⓒ 9x2-169 x^{2} - 16
  4. ⓓ 8x3+27y38 x^{3} + 27 y^{3}
  5. ⓔ 16x2+24xy-4x-6y16 x^{2} + 24 x y - 4 x - 6 y
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2.5 Exercise 15

Factor and solve the quadratic equation: x 2 −5x−6=0. x^{2} - 5 x - 6 = 0.

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Solve the Quadratic Equation by Factoring

Solve the quadratic equation by factoring: x 2 +8x+15=0. x^{2} + 8 x + 15 = 0.

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2.5 Exercise 17

Solve the quadratic equation by factoring: x 2 −4x−21=0. x^{2} - 4 x - 21 = 0.

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Using the Zero-Product Property to Solve a Quadratic Equation Written as the Difference of Squares

Solve the difference of squares equation using the zero-product property: x 2 −9=0. x^{2} - 9 = 0.

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2.5 Exercise 19

Solve by factoring: x 2 −25=0. x^{2} - 25 = 0.

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2.5 Exercise 21

Solve using factoring by grouping: 12 x 2 +11x+2=0. 12 x^{2} + 11 x + 2 = 0.

2.5

Solving a Polynomial of Higher Degree by Factoring

Solve the equation by factoring: −3 x 3 −5 x 2 −2x=0. −3 x^{3} - 5 x^{2} - 2 x = 0.

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2.5 Exercise 23

Solve by factoring: x 3 +11 x 2 +10x=0. x^{3} + 11 x^{2} + 10 x = 0.

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Solving a Simple Quadratic Equation Using the Square Root Property

Solve the quadratic using the square root property: x 2 =8. x^{2} = 8.

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Solving a Quadratic Equation Using the Square Root Property

Solve the quadratic equation: 4 x 2 +1=7. 4 x^{2} + 1 = \text{7}.

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2.5 Exercise 26

Solve the quadratic equation using the square root property: 3 ( x−4 ) 2 =15. 3 \left(x - 4\right)^{2} = 15.

2.5

Solving a Quadratic by Completing the Square

Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square: x 2 −3x−5=0. x^{2} - 3 x - 5 = 0.

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2.5 Exercise 28

Solve by completing the square: x 2 −6x=13. x^{2} - 6 x = 13.

2.5

Solve the Quadratic Equation Using the Quadratic Formula

Solve the quadratic equation: x 2 +5x+1=0. x^{2} + 5 x + 1 = 0.

2.5

Solving a Quadratic Equation with the Quadratic Formula

Use the quadratic formula to solve x 2 +x+2=0. x^{2} + x + 2 = 0.

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2.5 Exercise 31

Solve the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula: 9 x 2 +3x−2=0. 9 x^{2} + 3 x - 2 = 0.

2.5

Using the Discriminant to Find the Nature of the Solutions to a Quadratic Equation

Use the discriminant to find the nature of the solutions to the following quadratic equations:

  1. ⓐ x 2 +4x+4=0 x^{2} + 4 x + 4 = 0
  2. ⓑ 8 x 2 +14x+3=0 8 x^{2} + 14 x + 3 = 0
  3. ⓒ 3 x 2 −5x−2=0 3 x^{2} - 5 x - 2 = 0
  4. ⓓ 3 x 2 −10x+15=0 3 x^{2} - 10 x + 15 = 0
2.5

2.5 Exercise 34

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to solve the right triangle problem: Leg a measures 4 units, leg b measures 3 units. Find the length of the hypotenuse.

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2.5 Exercise 35

How do we recognize when an equation is quadratic?

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2.5 Exercise 37

When we solve a quadratic equation by factoring, why do we move all terms to one side, having zero on the other side?

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2.5 Exercise 39

Describe two scenarios where using the square root property to solve a quadratic equation would be the most efficient method.

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2.5 Exercise 41

Solve the quadratic equation by factoring.

x 2 −9x+18=0 x^{2} - 9 x + 18 = 0

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2.5 Exercise 43

Solve the quadratic equation by factoring.

6 x 2 +17x+5=0 6 x^{2} + 17 x + 5 = 0

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2.5 Exercise 45

Solve the quadratic equation by factoring.

3 x 2 −75=0 3 x^{2} - 75 = 0

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2.5 Exercise 47

Solve the quadratic equation by factoring.

4 x 2 =9 4 x^{2} = 9

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2.5 Exercise 49

Solve the quadratic equation by factoring.

5 x 2 =5x+30 5 x^{2} = 5 x + 30

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2.5 Exercise 51

Solve the quadratic equation by factoring.

7 x 2 +3x=0 7 x^{2} + 3 x = 0

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2.5 Exercise 53

Solve the quadratic equation by using the square root property.

x 2 =36 x^{2} = 36

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2.5 Exercise 55

Solve the quadratic equation by using the square root property.

( x−1 ) 2 =25 \left(x - 1\right)^{2} = 25

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2.5 Exercise 57

Solve the quadratic equation by using the square root property.

( 2x+1 ) 2 =9 \left(2 x + 1\right)^{2} = 9

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2.5 Exercise 59

Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square. Show each step.

x 2 −9x−22=0 x^{2} - 9 x - 22 = 0

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2.5 Exercise 61

Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square. Show each step.

x 2 −6x=13 x^{2} - 6 x = 13

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2.5 Exercise 63

Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square. Show each step.

2+z=6 z 2 2 + z = 6 z^{2}

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2.5 Exercise 65

Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square. Show each step.

2 x 2 −3x−1=0 2 x^{2} - 3 x - 1 = 0

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2.5 Exercise 67

Determine the discriminant, and then state how many solutions there are and the nature of the solutions. Do not solve.

x 2 +4x+7=0 x^{2} + 4 x + 7 = 0

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2.5 Exercise 69

Determine the discriminant, and then state how many solutions there are and the nature of the solutions. Do not solve.

9 x 2 −30x+25=0 9 x^{2} - 30 x + 25 = 0

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2.5 Exercise 71

Determine the discriminant, and then state how many solutions there are and the nature of the solutions. Do not solve.

6 x 2 −x−2=0 6 x^{2} - x - 2 = 0

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2.5 Exercise 73

Solve the quadratic equation by using the quadratic formula. If the solutions are not real, state No Real Solution.

x 2 +x=4 x^{2} + x = 4

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2.5 Exercise 75

Solve the quadratic equation by using the quadratic formula. If the solutions are not real, state No Real Solution.

3 x 2 −5x+1=0 3 x^{2} - 5 x + 1 = 0

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2.5 Exercise 77

Solve the quadratic equation by using the quadratic formula. If the solutions are not real, state No Real Solution.

4+ 1 x − 1 x 2 =0 4 + \frac{1}{x} - \frac{1}{x^{2}} = 0

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2.5 Exercise 79

Enter the expressions into your graphing utility and find the zeroes to the equation (the x-intercepts) by using 2nd CALC 2:zero. Recall finding zeroes will ask left bound (move your cursor to the left of the zero,enter), then right bound (move your cursor to the right of the zero,enter), then guess (move your cursor between the bounds near the zero, enter). Round your answers to the nearest thous…

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2.5 Exercise 81

Enter the expressions into your graphing utility and find the zeroes to the equation (the x-intercepts) by using 2nd CALC 2:zero. Recall finding zeroes will ask left bound (move your cursor to the left of the zero,enter), then right bound (move your cursor to the right of the zero,enter), then guess (move your cursor between the bounds near the zero, enter). Round your answers to the nearest thous…

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2.5 Exercise 83

Beginning with the general form of a quadratic equation, a x 2 +bx+c=0, a x^{2} + b x + c = 0 , solve for x by using the completing the square method, thus deriving the quadratic formula.

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2.5 Exercise 85

A person has a garden that has a length 10 feet longer than the width. Set up a quadratic equation to find the dimensions of the garden if its area is 119 ft.2. Solve the quadratic equation to find the length and width.

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2.5 Exercise 87

Suppose that an equation is given p=−2 x 2 +280x−1000, p = −2 x^{2} + 280 x - 1000 , where x x represents the number of items sold at an auction and p p is the profit made by the business that ran the auction. How many items sold would make this profit a maximum? Solve this by graphing the expression in your graphing utility and finding the maximum using 2nd CALC maximum. To obtain a good window for the curve, set x x [0,200] and y y [0,10000].

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2.5 Exercise 89

The cost function for a certain company is C=60x+300 C = 60 x + 300 and the revenue is given by R=100x−0.5 x 2 . R = 100 x - 0.5 x^{2} . Recall that profit is revenue minus cost. Set up a quadratic equation and find two values of x (production level) that will create a profit of $300.

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Adapted from College Algebra © 2021 Rice University. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Sources: College Algebra 2e, Algebra and Trigonometry 2e, Precalculus 2e, College Algebra with Corequisite Support 2e. Imported at revision 4922e46.