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Exercise A

Avg difficulty 3.0

For each of the following: Is it necessarily true, necessarily false, or contingent?

  1. Caesar crossed the Rubicon.

  2. Someone once crossed the Rubicon.

  3. No one has ever crossed the Rubicon.

  4. If Caesar crossed the Rubicon, then someone has.

  5. Even though Caesar crossed the Rubicon, no one has ever crossed the Rubicon.

  6. If anyone has ever crossed the Rubicon, it was Caesar.

Magnus et al., forall x: Calgary, Key notions of logic, Other logical notions, Exercise A

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Adapted from forall x: Calgary © 2025 P. D. Magnus, Tim Button, Robert Trueman, and Richard Zach. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: forall x: Calgary. Imported at revision ec34df8.