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Exercise D

Avg difficulty 3.0

In this chapter, we symbolized ‘Nick is the traitor’ by ‘∃x(T(x)∧∀y(T(y)→x=y)∧x=n)\exists x(T(x)\wedge\forall y(T(y)\rightarrow x=y)\wedge x=n)’. Explain why these would be equally good symbolisations:

  • T(n)∧∀y(T(y)→n=y)T(n)\wedge\forall y(T(y)\rightarrow n=y)

  • ∀y(T(y)↔y=n)\forall y(T(y)\leftrightarrow y=n)

Magnus et al., forall x: Calgary, First-order logic, Definite descriptions, Exercise D

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Adapted from forall x: Calgary © 2025 P. D. Magnus, Tim Button, Robert Trueman, and Richard Zach. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: forall x: Calgary. Imported at revision ec34df8.