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Second-Order Partial Derivatives

Differentiating partial derivatives again, the equality of mixed partials, and what f_xx, f_yy and f_xy say about how a surface bends and twists.

Active Calculus Multivariable, Second-Order Partial Derivatives

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5 exercises

Activity 11.5.4

As we saw in Activity, the wind chill w(v,T)w(v,T), in degrees Fahrenheit, is a function of the wind speed, in miles per hour, and the air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit. Some values of the wind chill are recorded in the table below.

  1. Estimate the partial derivatives wT(20,−15)w_{T}(20,-15), wT(20,−10)w_{T}(20,-10), and wT(20,−5)w_T(20,-5). Use these results to estimate the second-order partial wTT(20,−10)w_{TT}(20, -10).

  2. In a similar way, estimate the second-order partial wvv(20,−10)w_{vv}(20,-10).

  3. Estimate the part…

2.5

Exercise 12

The Heat Index, II, (measured in apparent degrees F) is a function of the actual temperature TT outside (in degrees F) and the relative humidity HH (measured as a percentage). A portion of the table which gives values for this function, I(T,H)I(T,H), is reproduced in Table.

  1. State the limit definition of the value ITT(94,75)I_{TT}(94,75). Then, estimate ITT(94,75)I_{TT}(94,75), and write one complete sentence that carefully explains the meaning of this val…

2.5

Exercise 13

The temperature on a heated metal plate positioned in the first quadrant of the xyxy-plane is given by

Assume that temperature is measured in degrees Celsius and that xx and yy are each measured in inches.

  1. Determine Cxx(x,y)C_{xx}(x,y) and Cyy(x,y)C_{yy}(x,y). Do not do any additional work to algebraically simplify your results.

  2. Calculate Cxx(1.1,1.2)C_{xx}(1.1, 1.2). Suppose that an ant is walking past the point (1.1,1.2)(1.1, 1.2) along the line y=1.2y = 1.2. Write a sentence to explain the m…

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Exercise 14

Let f(x,y)=8−x2−y2f(x,y) = 8 - x^2 - y^2 and g(x,y)=8−x2+4xy−y2g(x,y) = 8 - x^2 + 4xy - y^2.

  1. Determine fxf_x, fyf_y, fxxf_{xx}, fyyf_{yy}, fxyf_{xy}, and fyxf_{yx}.

  2. Evaluate each of the partial derivatives in (a) at the point (0,0)(0,0).

  3. What do the values in (b) suggest about the behavior of ff near (0,0)(0,0)? Plot a graph of ff and compare what you see visually to what the values suggest.

  4. Determine gxg_x, gyg_y, gxxg_{xx}, gyyg_{yy}, gxyg_{xy}, and gyxg_{yx}.

  5. Evaluate each of the partial derivatives in (d) at the point (0,0)(0,0).

  6. What do the values in (e) suggest about the behavior of…

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Exercise 15

Let f(x,y)=12xy2f(x,y) = \frac{1}{2}xy^2 represent the kinetic energy in Joules of an object of mass xx in kilograms with velocity yy in meters per second. Let (a,b)(a,b) be the point (4,5)(4,5) in the domain of ff.

  1. Calculate ∂2f∂x2\frac{ \partial^2 f}{\partial x^2} at the point (a,b)(a,b). Then explain as best you can what this second-order partial derivative tells us about kinetic energy.

  2. Calculate ∂2f∂y2\frac{ \partial^2 f}{\partial y^2} at the point (a,b)(a,b). Then explain as best you can what this second-order partial derivative tells us abou…

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Adapted from Active Calculus Multivariable © 2013–2026 Nicholas Long, Mitchel T. Keller, and Steven Schlicker. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: Active Calculus Multivariable. Imported at revision 692c03c.