9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases

A balloon filled with helium gas takes 6 hours to deflate to 50% of its original volume. How long will it take for an identical balloon filled with the same volume of hydrogen gas (instead of helium) to decrease its volume by 50%?

Starting with the definition of rate of effusion and Graham’s finding relating rate and molar mass, show how to derive the Graham’s law equation, relating the relative rates of effusion for two gases to their molecular masses.

Which of the following gases diffuse more slowly than oxygen? F₂, Ne, N₂O, C₂H₂, NO, Cl₂, H₂S

Calculate the relative rate of diffusion of ¹H₂ (molar mass 2.0 g/mol) compared with ²H₂ (molar mass 4.0 g/mol) and the relative rate of diffusion of O₂ (molar mass 32 g/mol) compared with O₃ (molar mass 48 g/mol).

When two cotton plugs, one moistened with ammonia and the other with hydrochloric acid, are simultaneously inserted into opposite ends of a glass tube that is 87.0 cm long, a white ring of NH₄Cl forms where gaseous NH₃ and gaseous HCl first come into contact. $\text{NH}_{3} \left(g\right) + \text{HCl} \left(g\right) \rightarrow \text{NH}_{4} \text{Cl} \left(s\right)$ At approximately what distance from the ammonia moistened plug does this occur? (Hint: Calculate the rates of diffusion for both NH₃ and H…