12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates

What is the difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate?

In the nuclear industry, chlorine trifluoride is used to prepare uranium hexafluoride, a volatile compound of uranium used in the separation of uranium isotopes. Chlorine trifluoride is prepared by the reaction $\text{Cl}_{2} \left(g\right) + \text{3F}_{2} \left(g\right) \rightarrow \text{2ClF}_{3} \left(g\right) .$ Write the equation that relates the rate expressions for this reaction in terms of the disappearance of Cl₂ and F₂ and the formation of ClF₃.

A study of the rate of the reaction represented as $2 A \rightarrow B$ gave the following data:

(a) Determine the average rate of disappearance of A between 0.0 s and 10.0 s, and between 10.0 s and 20.0 s.

(b) Estimate the instantaneous rate of disappearance of A at 15.0 s from a graph of time versus [A]. What are the units of this rate?

(c) Use the rates found in parts (a) and (b) to determine the average rate of…