4.3 Reaction Stoichiometry

Determine the number of moles and the mass requested for each reaction in the exercise.

Determine the number of moles and the mass requested for each reaction in the exercise.

Gallium chloride is formed by the reaction of 2.6 L of a 1.44 M solution of HCl according to the following equation: $2 \text{Ga} + 6 \text{HCl} \rightarrow 2 \text{GaCl}_{3} + 3 \text{H}_{2} .$

(a) Outline the steps necessary to determine the number of moles and mass of gallium chloride.

(b) Perform the calculations outlined.

Silver is often extracted from ores such as K[Ag(CN)₂] and then recovered by the reaction
$2 \text{K} \left[\text{Ag} \left(\text{CN}\right)_{2}\right] \left(a q\right) + \text{Zn} \left(s\right) \rightarrow \text{2Ag} \left(s\right) + \text{Zn} \left(\text{CN}\right)_{2} \left(a q\right) + 2 \text{KCN} \left(a q\right)$

(a) How many molecules of Zn(CN)₂ are produced by the reaction of 35.27 g of K[Ag(CN)₂]?

(b) What mass of Zn(CN)₂ is produced?

Carborundum is silicon carbide, SiC, a very hard material used as an abrasive on sandpaper and in other applications. It is prepared by the reaction of pure sand, SiO₂, with carbon at high temperature. Carbon monoxide, CO, is the other product of this reaction. Write the balanced equation for the reaction, and calculate how much SiO₂ is required to produce 3.00 kg of SiC.

Urea, CO(NH₂)₂, is manufactured on a large scale for use in producing urea-formaldehyde plastics and as a fertilizer. What is the maximum mass of urea that can be manufactured from the CO₂ produced by combustion of $1.00 \times 10^{3} \text{kg}$ of carbon followed by the reaction?
$\text{CO}_{2} \left(g\right) + 2 \text{NH}_{3} \left(g\right) \rightarrow \text{CO} \left(\text{NH}_{2}\right)_{2} \left(s\right) + \text{H}_{2} \text{O} \left(l\right)$

A compact car gets 37.5 miles per gallon on the highway. If gasoline contains 84.2% carbon by mass and has a density of 0.8205 g/mL, determine the mass of carbon dioxide produced during a 500-mile trip (3.785 liters per gallon).

What volume of a 0.2089 M KI solution contains enough KI to react exactly with the Cu(NO₃)₂ in 43.88 mL of a 0.3842 M solution of Cu(NO₃)₂?
$2 \text{Cu} \left(\text{NO}_{3}\right)_{2} + 4 \text{KI} \rightarrow 2 \text{CuI} + \text{I}_{2} + 4 \text{KNO}_{3}$

The toxic pigment called white lead, Pb₃(OH)₂(CO₃)₂, has been replaced in white paints by rutile, TiO₂. How much rutile (g) can be prepared from 379 g of an ore that contains 88.3% ilmenite (FeTiO₃) by mass?
$2 \text{FeTiO}_{3} + 4 \text{HCl} + \text{Cl}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \text{FeCl}_{3} + 2 \text{TiO}_{2} + 2 \text{H}_{2} \text{O}$